For most plecos
Males are thinner then females(body wise) - but males heads are wider.
Females bodies look rounder and fuller then males.
Males usually either get bristles on their cheeks or little hair looking growths on the ends of their pectoral fins - BUT I'm not sure which species get which.
With Royal's venting also works
females - ovipositor will be round and wide
males - genital papilla will be narrow and pointed compared to a female
ovipositor & genital papilla = reproduction organs
